从世界范围来看，多数国家对基础研究的资助体系都采用“竞争性项目制+稳定的机构式资助”的双轨模式，但不同国家各有侧重。荷兰、德国、法国等欧洲国家以机构式资助为主，美国和中国的体制比较像，以竞争性项目为主，不过大部分科研人员能获得一份“有市场竞争力”的薪酬并由政府兜底，与项目关系不大。多位专家还注意到，近年来，各国都存在逐渐强调竞争性资助，弱化稳定资助的趋势。

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