接种天花疫苗对猴痘病毒存在一定程度的交叉保护力。未接种过天花疫苗的人群对猴痘病毒普遍易感。2022年5月以来的全球疫情，96%的感染者为青壮年男性（中位年龄34岁），与疫情主要在男男性行为人群中发生有关。  

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